|
Allyl alcohol
CASRN 107-18-6
Contents
0004
Allyl alcohol; CASRN 107-18-6
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only
after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health
scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and
Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a
consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Allyl alcohol
File On-Line 01/31/1987
Category (section) Status Last Revised
----------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) on-line 08/01/1989
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) no data
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) no data
_I. CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENTS FOR NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS
__I.A. REFERENCE DOSE FOR CHRONIC ORAL EXPOSURE (RfD)
Substance Name -- Allyl alcohol
CASRN -- 107-18-6
Last Revised -- 08/01/1989
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist
for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units
of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable
risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background
Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for
the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens.
Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning
the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this
substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation
will be contained in Section II of this file.
___I.A.1. ORAL RfD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses* UF MF RfD
-------------------- ----------------------- ----- --- ---------
Impaired renal func- NOEL: 50 ppm drinking 1000 1 5E-3
tion and increased water equivalent to mg/kg/day
liver and kidney 4.8 mg/kg/day
weights
LOAEL: 100 ppm drinking
Subchronic Oral Rat water equivalent to
Study (drinking 6.9 mg/kg/day
water)
Carpanini et al., 1978
*Conversion Factors: based on reported drinking water consumption
___I.A.2. PRINCIPAL AND SUPPORTING STUDIES (ORAL RfD)
Carpanini, F.M.B., I.F. Gaunt, J. Hardy, S.D. Gangalli, K.R. Butterworth and
H.G. Lloyd. 1978. Short-term toxicity of allyl alcohol in rats. Toxicology.
9: 29-45.
Carpanini et al. (1978) exposed groups of Wistar rats (15/sex/dose) to
drinking water containing 0, 50, 100, 200, or 800 ppm (mg/L) allyl alcohol for
15 weeks. Based on water consumption data, these concentration were
equivalent to dosages of 0, 4.8, 8.3, 14.0, and 48.2 mg/kg/day for males and
0, 6.2, 6.9, 17.1, and 58.4 for females, respectively. Food intake and growth
were depressed at the 100, 200, and 800 ppm dose levels. Results of
hematologic and clinical chemistry tests were unremarkable. There were no
histopathologic lesions attributable to treatment in any of the organs
examined; however, the relative organ weights of the liver, kidney, and spleen
were significantly increased in a dose-related fashion at all except the 50
ppm level. Several tests of renal function were performed, indicating
impaired renal function in males at greater than or equal to 100 ppm (8.3
mg/kg/day) and in females at greater than or equal to 200 ppm (17.1
mg/kg/day).
___I.A.3. UNCERTAINTY AND MODIFYING FACTORS (ORAL RfD)
UF -- An uncertainty factor of 1000 was used; 10 for interspecies
extrapolation, 10 to approximate chronic exposure, and 10 for intraspecies
variability in the human population.
MF -- None
___I.A.4. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (ORAL RfD)
The results of the Carpanini et al. (1978) study are similar to those found by
Dunlap et al. (1958) in which rats treated with allyl alcohol in drinking
water for 90 days had significantly increased liver and kidney weights at
greater than or equal to 250 ppm. Two subchronic inhalation studies were also
available in different species (Dunlap et al., 1958; Torkelson et al., 1959)
in which dose-related increased liver and kidney damage was observed, but the
magnitude of these effects are not necessarily comparable to the oral route.
___I.A.5. CONFIDENCE IN THE ORAL RfD
Study -- Medium
Data Base -- Low
RfD -- Low
The study defined a clear NOEL and LOAEL, using a moderate number of animals
of both sexes and several dose levels. However, only one species of animal
was tested for a subchronic period (15 weeks). The data base contains several
subchronic oral and inhalation studies which only qualitatively support the
findings of the principal study and one supporting subchronic oral study in
the same species; however, no chronic or pertinent reproductive data are
available. Nor were pertinent epidemiologic studies located. Therefore, a
low confidence in the data base is recommended. Low confidence in the RfD
follows.
___I.A.6. EPA DOCUMENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE ORAL RfD
Source Document -- U.S. EPA, 1985
Other EPA Documentation -- None
Agency Work Group Review -- 02/26/1986
Verification Date -- 02/26/1986
___I.A.7. EPA CONTACTS (ORAL RfD)
Please contact the Risk Information Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general, at (513)569-7254 (phone), (513)569-7159 (FAX)
or RIH.IRIS@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (internet address).
__I.B. REFERENCE CONCENTRATION FOR CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE (RfC)
Substance Name -- Allyl alcohol
CASRN -- 107-18-6
Not available at this time.
_II. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR LIFETIME EXPOSURE
Substance Name -- Allyl alcohol
CASRN -- 107-18-6
This substance/agent has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination
under US EPA's IRIS program for evidence of human carcinogenic potential.
_VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Substance Name -- Allyl alcohol
CASRN -- 107-18-6
Last Revised -- 08/01/1989
__VI.A. ORAL RfD REFERENCES
Carpanini, F.M.B., I.F. Gaunt, J. Hardy, S.D. Gangalli, K.R. Butterworth and
H.G. Lloyd. 1978. Short-term toxicity of allyl alcohol in rats. Toxicology.
9: 29-45
Dunlap, M.K., J.K. Kodama, J.S. Wellington, H.H. Anderson and C.H. Hine.
1958. The toxicity of allyl alcohol. I. Acute and chronic toxicity. AMA
Arch. Ind. Health. 18: 303-311.
Torkelson, T.R., M.A. Wolf, R. Oyen and V.K. Rowe. 1959. Vapor toxicity of
allyl alcohol as determined on laboratory animals. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
20: 224-229.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allyl Alcohol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
__VI.B. INHALATION RfC REFERENCES
None
__VI.C. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
None
_VII. REVISION HISTORY
Substance Name -- Allyl alcohol
CASRN -- 107-18-6
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
Date Section Description
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
09/30/1987 V. Supplementary Data section added
03/01/1988 I.A.1. Dose conversion clarified
03/01/1988 I.A.2. Text deleted
03/01/1988 I.A.4. Text clarified
03/01/1988 I.A.5. Confidence levels revised
08/01/1989 I.A.4. Citations clarified
08/01/1989 VI. Bibliography on-line
01/01/1992 I.A.7. Primary contact changed
01/01/1992 IV. Regulatory action updated
VIII. SYNONYMS
Substance Name -- Allyl alcohol
CASRN -- 107-18-6
Last Revised -- 01/31/1987
107-18-6
AA
Allyl Al
Allyl Alcohol
Allylic Alcohol
3-Hydroxypropene
Orvinylcarbinol
1-Propene-3-ol
Propenol
2-Propen-1-ol
Propenyl Alcohol
2-Propenyl Alcohol
Shell Unkrautted A
Vinylcarbinol
2-Vinylcarbinol
Weed Drench
Last updated: 5 May 1998
URL: http://www.epa.gov/iris/SUBST/0004.HTM
|
