Simple aldehydes and ketones are named using the standard rules of nomenclature which we have used in the past with the following specific changes:

1. Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal -e of the parent alkane with the suffix -al; the suffix for ketones is -one.
   

2. The parent chain selected must contain the carbonyl group.
3. Number the carbon chain, beginning at the end nearest to the carbonyl group.
4. Number the substituents and write the name, listing substituents alphabetically.
   

5. When an aldehyde is a substituent on a ring, it is referred to as a -carbaldehyde group.
   

6. When the -COR group becomes a substituent on another chain, it is referred to as an acyl group and the name is formed using the suffix -yl.
   

7. When the carbonyl group becomes a substituent on another chain, it is referred to as an oxo group.
   

Some Examples: